2008 Spring
[4481] Physics 315: Galaxies and the Interstellar Medium

Instructor: Dr. Jane Turner

Lectures

3 credits Grade Method: REG/P-F/AUD My office hours: Tues/Thurs any time but you must email me and make an appointment. No drop-in's.

My Office: PHYS 412

My Phone: 5-1978

My email: tjturner@umbc.edu

Desired Learning Outcomes and Student Assessment This course will teach you the foundations of extragalactic astronomy. Successful learning will mean that you come away from the course understanding the terminology used in the scientific areas covered by this course. You will understand the constituents of galaxies and the physics processes most relevant to those. You will understand key forces at work, be able to reproduce derivations of equations that describe the most important phenomena at work in galaxies and you will be able to apply the eqations derived to solve problems in this area. You will be familiar with major discoveries in this scientific field, and the importance and implications of those results. You will be expected to demonstrate mastery of concepts taught in an exam setting and without reference to textbooks or notes.

The learning methods for this course are:

Attendance at lectures

Reading the appropriate material in your text book

Completing the assigned homework problems and coming to class prepared to participate in discussion of problem solutions

Attendance at the telescope evening session

You will be able to determine whether you are successfully progressing in this course by assesment of results from quizzes, exams and completion of homework.

Homework: You are encouraged to work together on homework but you must ensure that after solutions are distributed that you have understood the problem solutions, could step the class through the solution in a classroom setting if so required and could solve a similar question if set in an exam

Policies & Expectations

Online Lectures

Lectures Time/Place:
0101 TuTh........11:30am- 12:45pm

(PHYS 107)

Important Dates:
Jan 29 First Lecture for 315
Tues Feb 26 Telescope Night
Mar 13 Mid Term Exam
Mar 16-23 Spring Break
May 13 Last class
May 15-21 Final Exam Week (PHYS 107)

Recommended Textbook

Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology: An Introduction

Peter Schneider

ISBN-10: 3540331743

ISBN-13: 978-3540331742

Grading
Final Exam 40%
Mid-term Exam 30%
Attendance at Telescope session 10%
Quizzes 10%
Homework Ungraded
Project 10%

Course Breakdown
The following shows an approximate breakdown of subjects within the course. The breakdown serves to show what material will be covered and the intended order of topics, however it is expected that actual coverage will change according to how long the class needs to spend on each topic. It is also possible that some topics will be added or deleted at the discretion of Dr. Turner. This is just intended as a rough guide.

The course will include:

The Milky Way as a galaxy

o Galactic coordinates o Determination of distances within our Galaxy + Trigonometric parallax + Proper motions + Moving cluster parallax + Photometric distance; extinction and reddening + Spectroscopic distance + Distances of visual binary stars + Distances of pulsating stars o The structure of the Galaxy + The Galactic disk: Distribution of stars + The Galactic disk: chemical composition and age + The Galactic disk: dust and gas + Cosmic rays + The Galactic bulge + The visible halo + The distance to the Galactic center o Kinematics of the Galaxy + Determination of the velocity of the Sun + The rotation curve of the Galaxy o The Galactic microlensing effect: The quest for compact dark matter + The gravitational lensing effect I + Galactic microlensing effect + Surveys and results + Variations and extensions o The Galactic center + Where is the Galactic center? + The central star cluster + A black hole in the center of the Milky Way + Flares from the Galactic center + The proper motion of Sgr A* + Hypervelocity stars in the Galaxy

The world of galaxies

o Classification + Morphological classification: The Hubble sequence + Other types of galaxies o Elliptical galaxies + Classification + Brightness profile + Composition of elliptical galaxies + Dynamics of elliptical galaxies + Indicators of a complex evolution o Spiral galaxies + Trends in the sequence of spirals + Brightness profile + Rotation curves and dark matter + Stellar populations and gas fraction + Spiral structure + Corona in spirals? o Scaling relations + The Tully-Fisher relation + The Faber-Jackson relation + The fundamental plane + The Dn-sigma relation o Black holes in the centers of galaxies + The search for supermassive black holes + Examples for SMBHs in galaxies + Correlation between SMBH mass and galaxy properties o Extragalactic distance determination + Distance of the LMC + The Cepheid distance + Secondary distance indicators o Luminosity function of galaxies + The Schechter luminosity function + The bimodal color distribution of galaxies o Galaxies as gravitational lenses + The gravitational lens effect - Part II + Simple models + Examples for gravitational lenses + Applications of the lens effect o Population synthesis + Model assumptions + Evolutionary tracks in the HRD; integrated spectrum + Star formation history and galaxy colors + Metallicity, dust, and HII regions + Summary + The spectra of galaxies o Chemical evolution of galaxies

Active galactic nuclei

o Introduction + Brief history of AGNs + Fundamental properties of quasars + Quasars as radio sources: synchrotron radiation + Broad emission lines o AGN zoology + QSOs + Seyfert galaxies + Radio galaxies + OVVs + BL Lac objects o The central engine: a black hole + Why a black hole? + Accretion + Superluminal motion + Further arguments for SMBHs + A first mass estimate for the SMBH: the Eddington luminosity o Components of an AGN + The IR, optical, and UV-continuum + The broad emission lines + Narrow emission lines + X-ray emission + The host galaxy + The black hole mass in AGNs o Family relations of AGNs + Unified models + Beaming + Beaming on large scales + Jets at higher frequencies

Clusters and groups of galaxies

* The Local Group o Phenomenology o Mass estimate o Other components of the Local Group * Galaxies in clusters and groups o The Abell catalog o Luminosity function of cluster galaxies o Morphological classification of clusters o Spatial distribution of galaxies o Dynamical mass of clusters o Additional remarks on cluster dynamics o Intergalactic stars in clusters of galaxies o Galaxy groups o The morphology-density relation * X-ray radiation from clusters of galaxies o General properties of the X-ray radiation o Models of the X-ray emission o Cooling flows o The Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect o X-ray catalogs of clusters * Scaling relations for clusters of galaxies o Mass-temperature relation o Mass-velocity dispersion relation o Mass-luminosity relation o Near-infrared luminosity as mass indicator Clusters of galaxies as gravitational lenses * Luminous arcs * The weak gravitational lens effect Evolutionary effects

Quick References

Letter grades:

A = 87 and up B = 72 and up C = 60 and up D = 50 and up

Incompletes: Please read carefully the catalog statement on acceptable grounds for an incomplete. In this course, incompletes are rarely granted and only if you are incapable of taking the final exam with documentable cause.